The polygon count of the main character Agni was 11 million polygons, which includes 6 million polygons for her hair, 2 million polygons for the feathers of her dress, and 3 million polygons for her body and accessories. This tech demo, which took a year to produce, is considered to have the most advanced real-time graphics to date. It runs on a powerful PC equipped with four GTX Titan X graphics cards. It portrays human crying at a level of quality never seen before with a real-time 3D character. The hair is rendered with over 50 shaders, and each strand of hair is rendered with polygons. It renders over 63 million polygons per frame, with the use of very high 8192x8192 resolution textures. In April 2015, Square Enix announced the engine's support for DirectX12, and revealed a new tech demo running on the engine called Witch Chapter 0, featuring the character Agni from the Agni's Philosophy tech demo. Tabata has said that there is a good chance the engine is used again in another game, but there is no solid plan at the moment, and, for example, the Final Fantasy VII remake will not use it. Thus there was the need to have a title based around it and developing the engine concurrently with the game, and the original Luminous Studio team was combined with the Final Fantasy XV development team. The first version of the engine was designed as a generic game creation engine, but it wasn't powerful enough to make high quality games. The engine uses a form of real-time global illumination, specifically fast global illumination baking via ray-bundle tracing, an efficient lighting technique capable of a performance of 200 million rays per second on a GeForce GTX 580 graphics card. Final Fantasy XV uses 30 MB textures for each character. The game uses an advanced hair physics engine rendered using techniques such as tesselation, NURBS, and a new technique where a professional hair stylist creates the hairstyles in real life using mannequins which are then rendered for an in-game character model.Įach character has 600 bones, twelve times more than the 50 bones used by most PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 games. This is one of the highest polygon counts known for a video game.Įach character model uses 20,000 to 30,000 polygons just for the hair alone,, the same as the polygon count for an entire Final Fantasy XIII character. Overall, Final Fantasy XV uses 5 million polygons per frame, pushing 150 million polygons per second. Compared to the 20,000 polygons used for the Final Fantasy XIII characters, Final Fantasy XV uses 100,000 polygons for its characters. The Final Fantasy XV Episode Duscae demo uses version 1.5 while the final game uses version 2.0. (Final Fantasy 14 uses a “scaled-down” version.) Two tech demos were released to showcase the engine’s power and abilities, called Agni’s Philosophy and Witch Chapter 0.Final Fantasy 7 Remake Intergrade Intermission Review - Half-Measureġ1 June 2021 Luminous Studio 1.5 Final Fantasy XV įinal Fantasy XV runs on Square Enix's Luminous Studio graphics engine. Since the Luminous Engine was specifically created for Final Fantasy 15, no other game currently uses it. The engine makes the real-time animation nearly identical to the CGI animation, which makes it a very beautiful game to play. This allows the characters to portray a larger range of emotions. The hair alone in the Luminous Engine is comprised of around 20,000 polygons.īut, what really sets it apart is the fact that it uses real-time global illumination and photorealistic rendering. Up to 100,000 polygons are used for each character, compared to the 20,000 polygons used for Final Fantasy 13. What sets the Luminous Engine apart from its competition are the specs. It was inspired by other engines you may have heard of – the Unreal Engine and the CryEngine. The Luminous Engine was built by Luminous Studios, which was developed internally by Square-Enix. This picture shows how detailed the Luminous Engine allows the animation to be, resulting in realistic-looking graphics. It was then decided that Final Fantasy Versus 13 would become Final Fantasy 15 and be released on the eighth-generation consoles using the more powerful Luminous Engine. The Crystal Tools engine that Final Fantasy 13 had used was not adequate enough to handle the technical aspects that came with an open-world environment. During its long development, it became an open-world environment. The fifteenth main installment of the Final Fantasy series, it was released for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in 2016, Windows in 2018, and as a launch title for Stadia in 2019. Originally, Final Fantasy Versus 13 was using the Crystal Tools engine. Final Fantasy XV a is an action role-playing game developed by Square Enix Business Division 2 and Luminous Productions and published by Square Enix. FINAL FANTASY XV – Luminous Studio 1.5 Tech Demo
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These hides do require CITES export and Import permits to be allowed into your country. Hartmann Zebra are on the CITES II list and are protected. The Hartmann’s Zebra is a mountain zebra, indigenous to South Africa and Namibia and part of Angola. But after many reports came from Africa about sightings of Burchell’s it showed that Burchell’s were not only still alive in the wild, but thriving in the areas of Etosha and Kwazulu-Natal. If one of the family is injured the rest will often encircle it to protect it from further attack.īurchell’s zebra was thought to become extinct in 1918, when the last Burchell’s zebra died at the Berlin Zoo. When a family group is attacked, the members form a semicircle, face the predator and watch it, ready to bite or strike should the attack continue. Zebras are important prey for lions and hyenas, and to a lesser extent for hunting dogs, leopards and cheetahs. This species is the largest of the two distinct species inhabiting South Africa’s wild life domain The ranges of the Burchell’s Zebra inhabits savannah, from treeless grasslands to open woodlands they sometimes occur in tens of thousands in migratory herds on the Serengeti plains. They have a strong sensitive upper lip with which it gathers herbage by collecting the grass between the lip and the lower incisors before plucking the harvest. The body stripes of the Burchell Zebra extend around the belly and stripes on the legs are less prominent, they measures 1.3 to 1.4 meters at the shoulder and weighs 300-320 Kg.īurchell Zebra are predominantly a grazer, feeding in areas with short grass. Herd stallions are between four to 12 years old. Non-breeding stallions occur in bachelor groups. The Burchell’s Zebra lives in small family units, which typically consist of one stallion and one mare with their foals. The Burchell’s Zebra are not endangered and it is legal to sell or own a zebra skin. There is nothing that you need to do from your side and all documents are handle by us. All documents are obtained by us through them to allow the Zebra hides, game skins and animal by-products into your country. We are registered will KZN Wildlife in South Africa that allow us to sell Game skin and Game products. We work with these farmers as well as government conservation authorities and buy/sell and trade in these hides thus injecting funds to continue thel efforts needed to conserve our wildlife. The funds obtained from the sale of live Zebra, bringing in hunters for trophy hunts, the sale of meat to the meat industry both locally and internationally and the sale of hides and horns inject much needed money back to these farmers who in turn create employment and sustain the population of game animals in Southern Africa. Some of these game reserves are hunting reserves that breed Game animals such as Zebra for commercial purposes and as there is a monetary value associated with these Game these farmers continue to increase their stock supply. We at are located in Richards Bay, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa and surrounded by many small, medium and large Game Reserves. If people and wildlife learn to live together-inside and outside of protected areas-the future for all will thrive. Sharing the land, often alongside each other, can lead to struggles for resources and deforestation. Critical to protecting Africa’s wildlife are the local people. By putting safeguards in place like training rangers, using sniffer dogs, and empowering communities, local authorities are helping to ensure Africa’s wildlife survives. Wildlife Conservation - Protecting an astounding diversity of species.Īfrica is home to many animal species with some that are facing extinction. I am torn with my review on Sofitel Brisbane Central, as the hotel I believe, just dropped the bundle a little throughout my stay. Sofitel Brisbane Central offers access to the best of Brisbane's dining, shopping and cultural experiences - and its public transport options. With a vibrant cultural scene and an exciting range of restaurants, bars and cafés, Brisbane is the place to be. Our Brisbane accommodation is home to the largest 5-star meeting and event spaces in Brisbane. Every room in our Brisbane hotel blends contemporary design with French elegance, and includes stunning views of either the mountain ranges or city. Guests can also enjoy the exceptional services of Stephanie's Spa, regarded as one of the finest luxury spas in the city. Sofitel Brisbane Central is the largest meeting facility in Brisbane with 11 conference rooms accommodating up to 1,100 people.ĭiscover our exquisite Brisbane accommodation, boasting 416 opulent rooms & suites, 3 award-winning restaurants, outdoor pool & gym. Its many attractions include 416 elegant rooms, a fitness center, a heated pool, and spa, plus its renowned bars and restaurants. Located within walking distance of the city center, Eagle Street Pier, South Bank Parklands and the Convention Centre, Sofitel Brisbane Central also offers direct access to Central Station with easy transportation to the airport and Gold Coast. Please contact us for any enquiries: or call (07) 3835 3535 Kayte Staraj, Hotel Manager Let us make you feel welcome at our 5 star luxury Brisbane accommodation. French luxury and local cuisine in the world's most exciting cityĮnjoy elegance and French sophistication at Sofitel Brisbane Central. It also freezes well once cooled completely. To keep the bread fresh, pop it into a large plastic bag and squeeze out the air, fasten tightly and it will keep for a few days, after which it is great for toast. 49.50 Complete Line of Old Timers, Streamlined, Beautifully Repainted. Machine-made bread does not have any of the additives, stabilisers or improvers used in commercial production so does not keep as long as shop-bought.Always put the finished loaf onto a rack to cool down to stop the loaf going soggy.Never add the two together as the salt will kill the yeast and the bread will not rise. The recipe should always indicate the order of ingredients, the salt will be earlier on, and yeast usually at the end (or from its own dispenser). samatha herself and pictures old hardcouple kissing babe footjob the timer.
This tree lighting has been a tradition for over 40 years! Featuring musical & dance presentations, food, horse-drawn carriage rides, children’s crafts, and visits with Santa, this is an event you won't want to miss. Get ready for an evening of family fun in East Dallas! From 5:30pm to 8pm, enjoy eats, drinks, hot chocolate, and shopping from local vendors, along with face painting, a balloon artist, and a petting zoo. You also won't want to miss $5 photos with Santa, ice skating, and most importantly, see the lighting of the tree! There will also be free food, live reindeer, and of course, the lighting of the tree! Gerald Turner, will read the Christmas Story, followed by musical performances by members of the student body. Kids can also write letters to Santa and hang out with live reindeer!Įach year, Southern Methodist University puts on a night of holiday festivities on Dallas Hall Lawn to celebrate the start of the season! SMU’s President, R. Vitruvian Park is celebrating 10 years of their holiday light display! Their tree lighting includes an entire evening of fun with Jordan Kahn Orchestra, gourmet food trucks, sweet treats, free photos with Santa, classic holiday characters and an elf balloon artist. You won't want to miss the lighting of the tallest indoor Christmas tree in the country! Along with the lighting of the iconic 95-foot tree, there will also be a spectacular ice skating performance which includes fireworks and a skating Santa! Grand Tree Lighting Celebration at Galleria Dallas Home for the Holidays: A McKinney Christmasįor the past 42 years, Downtown McKinney transforms into a real life Hallmark movie with 14 blocks of festive decor, family friendly activities, live music and more! The weekend long celebration kicks off with a tree-lighting on Friday night at 6pm. Mark your calendars and head up North to enjoy the free family-friendly festival, which you can learn more about here. At 6:30pm, the mayor will light the 40-foot-tall live tree, followed by a fireworks shows at 7:30pm and 8:30pm! Starting at 4pm, there will be live music, live reindeer, holiday bounce houses, seasonal crafts, and local food vendors to enjoy while you explore downtown. Kick off the season in the Christmas Capital of Texas! Historic Downtown Grapevine goes all out for Christmas, and their tree lighting is an entire evening of festive fun. Plano | November 20th 34th Annual Carol of Lights This outdoor celebration features photos with Santa, a 10-foot frozen ice slide, and even real snow! Enjoy live holiday entertainment, train rides, activities for kids, and complimentary food and drink samples! If you want even more festive fun, their Lights at Legacy Pre-Party from 1pm to 4pm. Head to The Shops at Legacy for their tree lighting, which counts down at 6:30pm. There will even be special guest appearances from Zack Martin & Family on Friday, and Gene & Jerry Jones on Saturday! The Dallas Cowboys are bringing the iconic 20-minute show back to The Star for a sixth year! The show kicks off with the lighting of the 67-foot Christmas tree by a Dallas Cowboys alumni. Then, catch holiday performances from the Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders, drumline, mascot, and more. Check out our list below of all the spots (and trees) that are getting lit this season! Raw footage is not included.It's beginning to feel a lot like Christmas in Dallas, and for most of us the holiday season officially starts with putting up the tree! So, we've rounded up all the Christmas tree lightings in DFW to attend. You will receive a 2-3 minute highlight of the proposal. Capture your proposal on video and re-live it over and over. You’ll receive a link to an online gallery with the images within 1 month of the proposal. Share your proposal memories with family and friends with beautiful professional photos! A paparazzi-style photographer will be onsite at the park capturing the build up and the moment of your engagement as it unfolds. Choose between a romantic guitar, elegant violin or jazzy saxophone your instrumentalist will play your selected song as you’re proposing. Let your special song provide the soundtrack to your marriage proposal. Have a bouquet of a dozen roses waiting for your loved one when you board your carriage. From Black Friday all through December, all bookings must add the Holiday Premium, which takes a route through beautiful Highland Park. The 1.6 litre variant for the 3 door models were named the Suzuki Vitara Rebel. Engine power rated for the 5 door V6 models was at 100 kW (134 hp) 6500 rpm. At the same time the 5 door models received the 1998 cc 2.0 litre V6. This engine was rated at 97 kW (130 hp) 6300 rpm. In May 1997, Suzuki introduced the 1995 cc 2.0 Litre 4 Valves/Cylinder Double Overhead Cam engine with both soft top and hardtop 3 door models. Both versions featured the 1.6 Litre engine. The JLX featured mainly with powered windows. In Australia, there were two models available. After a facelift in 2005 the name was changed to Santana 300/350. In Spain, production went on at Suzuki's partner Santana with the Vitara nameplate. The Sport variant was replaced by the Grand Vitara in 1999. The Suzuki X-90 disappeared from Suzuki's lineup after the 1998 model year. In 1996, Suzuki introduced the Suzuki X-90 which was mechanically identical to the Sidekick but had a much rounder body, a trunk, and removable T-bar roof. The Sport also had dual airbags, 2-tone paint and 16" Alloy wheels. The original Sidekick was updated in 1996 with a new Sport version available with 120 hp (89 kW), 1.8 liter 16-valve 4-cylinder engine. 1991 also brought the introduction of rear antilock brakes. In 1991, a 4-door Sidekick with a lengthened wheelbase was introduced and the following year a 95 hp (71 kW), 1.6 liter, 16-valve engine was introduced. 1990 brought the deletion of the upscale JLX version. An 80 hp (60 kW) 1.6 liter, 8-valve, 4-cylinder engine was available on the JX & JLX. The original 1989 North American Sidekick was available as a 2-door convertible or hardtop, in 1.3 liter JA and more powerful 4-wheel-drive JX & JLX trims. The 2nd Generation is currently sold in Mexico and Brazil as the Chevrolet Tracker, as the Chevrolet Grand Vitara in other Central and South American countries, while in Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and Chile is sold as the Suzuki Grand Vitara.įirst generation (1989-1998) First generationĢ-Door: 64.3 in (1633 mm) (2WD, 1992-93 & 1996-98)Ħ5.1 in (1654 mm) (4WD, 1992-93 & 1996-98) The 1st Generation Escudo was sold in Mexico as the Chevrolet Vitara. In the Japanese home market, it was variously sold also with Mazda badge. It was also sold as the Santana 300 and 350 in Spain. The Sidekick was sold in various badges such as the Geo Tracker (Chevrolet Tracker after 1998) in the United States, and as the GMC Tracker, Chevrolet Tracker, Asüna Sunrunner and Pontiac Sunrunner in Canada. A larger version is also made, known as the Suzuki Grand Escudo (known as Grand Vitara XL-7 in other markets). Also, this vehicle, while sold in North America, was designed to slot above the Samurai. The vehicle was a follow-up to the popular SJ413 and Samurai. The North American version was produced as a joint venture between Suzuki and General Motors known as CAMI. The Suzuki Escudo (known as Sidekick in North America and Vitara in Europe, the Philippines and Australia, as well as North America after 1999) was a small off-road vehicle produced from 1989-2004. If it looks funny, it’s probably gonna act funny.Front engine, rear-wheel drive / Four-wheel drive The engine or transmission may be visibly sagging, especially if it’s a front-wheel drive car. But when the mount goes, they’ll suddenly have free reign. Do I need to mention that they shouldn’t really be moving around at all? Well, they shouldn’t. If the mount breaks, both the engine and transmission may find themselves moving around more than they should. If the mount is broken, the liquid from the center of the mount may begin leaking out.Įngine and transmission are sagging or moving This will only be the case if you have a hydraulic mount, which has a liquid center. One of the causes of a leak is a busted transmission mount. Your car has a lot of fluids, which means it can sometimes leak. The noise is the result of the transmission mount allowing the engine or transmission to move around, so that’s when you’ll hear it. In general, the noise will occur when you’re accelerating, decelerating, or putting your car into gear. When your transmission mount begins to malfunction, you’ll notice a loud clunking noise. Trust me.Īhh, everyone’s favorite car problem: a mysterious noise. When the mount breaks down and fails, it will no longer absorb vibrations, which means the thing stuck absorbing the vibrations is…wait for it…you. You remember that whole spiel I did a second ago, about how the transmission mount keeps vibrations from getting into the cabin? Well, you can probably guess that when there are excessive vibrations in the cabin, it might be the result of the transmission mount not doing its job anymore. Symptoms of a failing Transmission Mount? These two features are your best bet for keeping everything in one place through any type of workout-because if you’re moving in all directions, your boobs will be, too.Īdjustability in the shoulder straps and bottom band will allow you to customize the best fit for you. But, here are a few key attributes to keep in mind while shopping: She suggests trying out a few to see what works best for you, and testing them during high-impact activity. “This is truly based on your own size and comfort,” says Brooke. Since everyone is built differently, picking the best high-impact sports bra will vary from person to person. Which bra is best for high-intensity workouts? For women with larger chests, they may even be useful for low-impact or low-intensity activities, too, says certified personal trainer Calyn Brooke. During a high-impact move, you're likely jumping, twisting, or bouncing around, which means your breasts probably are, too.Ī high-impact bra can act as extra support to minimize some of that bounce. For example, running or jumping can both be considered high-impact activities. When 'high-impact' is used to describe exercise, it typically means your body is hitting something with a lot of force. How do you know if a sports bra is high-impact? “You don't only need support underneath your breasts for running, but around the sides and in between,” explains Joanna Griffiths, founder of the brand Knix.īefore choosing the right sports bra for you, there are some things you should know. They actually move in a sort of figure-eight, often bumping into each other. Check out our sports bra sizing guide for more info.For example, many brands now design based on the understanding that your boobs don't just bounce up and down when you run, jump, or twist. A well-fitted and supportive workout bra will reduce your chest's movement during a workout and minimise any impact to your breasts, making for a comfortable training session. How Do I Know if My Sports Bra Fits Correctly?įinding the best sports bra to support you is never easy, but it couldn't be more important. After a workout, you should change your sports bra or sports bralette. You can wear a gym bra all day as long as it fits well and offers the right level of support. Choose from three levels of support a href="" title="high ">high, medium and low, so you can feel supported no matter what workout you are doing, whether that's a light jog or a HIIT class. Our sports bras are designed to keep you feeling secure and comfortable through every lift, squat and stride. Whatever kind of exercise you are doing, it’s important to wear a sports bra over a regular bra when working out. Do I Need to Wear a Sports Bra for Workouts? A gym top and hoodie will help complete your look. Many of our workout bras and bralettes come with matching workout leggings. Styling a sports bra is so easy and effortless. Your Gymshark sports bra or sports bralette will combine comfort and support with style. We also have a range of styles, from padded and long line to zip up and halter-neck. For more strenuous activities, HIIT and cardio workouts, and lifting, you will need a high support sports bra. For those softer, less intense activities like yoga, Pilates and walking, our low support or medium support sports bras just what you need. Here at Gymshark, you will find different kinds of workout bras available. We also have a range of colours available, from striking and bold to subtle and understated. Soft stretch materials and an unrestricted fit give you the natural range of motion you need to obliterate your workout. Gymshark Sports Brasįor total support and unbeatable comfort, our range of sports bras and sports bralettes has you covered. Whether you're logging miles on the treadmill or running track, going big in the weights room, or anything in between, you will find a range of different gym bras at Gymshark. Feel supported and stylish with our extensive range of sports bras. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Advertisement". Amazon has updated the ALB and CLB so that customers can continue to use the CORS request with stickness. This cookie is used for load balancing services provded by Amazon inorder to optimize the user experience. It does not correspond to any user ID in the web application and does not store any personally identifiable information. The cookie is used by cdn services like CloudFlare to identify individual clients behind a shared IP address and apply security settings on a per-client basis. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Technical efficiency is important but not essential. However, allocative efficiency also requires the optimal allocation of resources. Technical efficiency is necessary for allocative efficiency to be achieved. a monopoly employs inefficient working practices because it has no incentive to cut costs.Īllocative efficiency. X-inefficiency is said to occur when a firm fails to be technically efficient because of an absence of competitive pressures. The concept of technical efficiency is also related to X-inefficiency. Productive efficiency requires technical efficiency. Productive efficiency is concerned with producing at the lowest point on the short run average cost curve. The concept of technical efficiency is related to productive efficiency. In this case, some workers and factor inputs are underemployed, and there is a degree of potential output missed. The technical efficiency rate of the firm would be (300/320) = 93.75% Note, we could produce all guns or all butter.Įxample: Suppose a firm produces 300 cars a week from its current workforce and quantity of robots. Given a certain quantity of inputs (natural resources) – technical efficiency is achieved when we produce the maximum output possible. Technical efficiency requires no unemployment of resources. A firm is said to be technically efficient if a firm is producing the maximum output from the minimum quantity of inputs, such as labour, capital, and technology. Technical efficiency is the effectiveness with which a given set of inputs is used to produce an output. Phishing emails are often alarmist, warning you to update your account immediately. Some attachments contain viruses that install themselves when opened. Be particularly cautious of invoices from companies and contractors you're not familiar with. Only open an attachment if you're sure it's legitimate and secure. If you aren’t certain, don’t click on the link. A link could look perfectly secure like Make sure to move your mouse over the link to see the true destination. Always check links in an email before you click them. Asks you to click on links that take you to a fake website.We never say things like "Dear user" or "Hello PayPal member.” ” Our emails will always address you by your first and last names or by your business name. Uses impersonal, generic greetings, such as “Dear user” or “Dear.In case you have received such email and can’t differentiate between an original and a fake email go to PayPal website directly and login to check its resolution center.If you receive a message and are unsure it’s really from PayPal, check to see if it does any of the following: PayPal users are urged to be vigilant and don’t fall for such phishing scam otherwise they will lose much more than their PayPal account. The good news for Chrome users is that the browser has already flagged the fake login link (-) used in this scam as a potentially dangerous site to visit. Remember, previously, iCloud phishing scam a used similar trick to ask users to upload their personal documents like passport identity card and driver license. To verify their identity, users are also asked to either upload a copy of their passport, or identity card and driver license. To get their hand on this information scammers ask users to enter bank name, bank account number, bank code, bank login ID, password and password for their banking card. Moreover, if the user is successfully tricked into giving away their credit card data, they are taken to a page that asks them to verify their bank account details and identity. PayPal never asks for such dataįurthermore, it takes users to a page that asks users to verify their credit card details including credit card number, cardholder name, expiration date and its verification code (CVV). Upon signing in with their credentials user is taken to another page and ask to enter details like personal address, city, state/county, zip code, country, phone number tax identification code and date of birth. It then takes them to a fake login page that looks like an official PayPal page. Once the user clicks on the link in the email that asks them to verify if it’s their account, it claims to detect suspicious activity but in reality the information belongs to the user’s current login destination. It could be that scammers are using fake senders or the email is spoofed, but usually, an email sent from a fake email sender goes straight into spam folder rather than the inbox. However, the same email is being used for scams since 2010. Therefore, it is unclear how cybercriminals are using an official PayPal email address to carry phishing scams. For instance, the screenshot below is an official PayPal email sent to a user to confirm their account’s email address. The email comes to user inbox rather than going to spam folder while another important fact about this scam is that the email is being delivered by which is a genuine email address officially used by PayPal to contact users. The subject of this phishing email is “re: reminders: Your PayPal ID information” which means the sender is trying to trick the users into believing that the email is part of PayPal resolution center and deals with an ongoing matter. “If you did not make these changes or you believe an unauthorized person has accessed your account, you should change your password as soon as possible from your PayPal ID account page,” says the email. It starts with an email that informs users about a change in their “Billing Information,” and directs that in case they didn’t make the supposed change they need to click on a link hidden behind a URL shortener to verify that it’s not them. Usually, phishing scams look for users’ login credentials but recently, discovered a scam that aims at stealing everything from a PayPal user, and that includes their PayPal login credentials, address, credit card, banking data, passport, identity card, and driver license. Nothing is surprising about a PayPal phishing scam but what might raise some eyebrows is the fact that these scams are becoming sophisticated day by day. Different star paths are also used when there are strong currents GLOSSARY currents - the directional flow of the sea or winds Six months later, the same stars are only above the horizon in the day and so can’t be seen. Any star path can only be used in a particular season. A journey between two islands can have more than one star path. Often, songs or stories are used to remember the star paths GLOSSARY star paths - the sequence of stars to follow from one island to another. There might be up to 10 stars in a star path for one night’s sailing, but only one might have a name. A wayfinder then uses the next star that rises in the same direction, and so on. It moves to the side of the island and soon is no longer a good guide. A rising star, however, doesn’t go straight up from the horizon GLOSSARY horizon - the line where the earth and sky seem to meet (unless you are at the equator). A wayfinder steers towards the star that rises or sets in the direction of the destination island. Some stars are always up and others always down (similar to the situation at the Poles), some are up and down half the time (similar to the situation at the Equator), and others are up more than half the time but not all the time, and others are down more than half the time but not all the time.įor every part of the sky where stars are up more than half the time, there is a symmetrical part where the stars are up less than half the time, so that on the average half of the sky is up at any given time (which should go without saying :-) ).A star that is just rising or setting is a very good guide. Every star is up half the ‘day’ (24-hr on the Earth), and down half the ‘day’.Īt mid-latitudes (such as where we live), things are more complicated. Therefore, at the poles of the planet the Celestial Pole is overhead at the Equator it is on the horizon and at mid-latitudes it is at an angle to the horizon.Īt the Pole(s) the paths of the stars are horizontal, never getting any higher or lower (for a given star), so that if a star is up it is always up, and if it is down it is always down.Īt the Equator the paths of the stars are vertical, are cut exactly in half by the ‘horizon’, and since the motions of the stars are ‘uniform’, each and every star is up half the time and down half the time. The altitude of the Celestial Pole (its height above the horizon) is the same as your latitude. Whatever angle a star rises North or South of East, it sets at that same angle North or South of West. The closer a star is to the Celestial Equator the more nearly it is up half the time and down half the time the closer it is to a Pole, the more nearly it is always up or always down. Stars following paths 'B' and 'C' are up more than half the time, while stars following paths 'b' and 'c' are down more than half the time. Stars following path 'a' are always down, even though they get higher and lower, because they are closer to the South Celestial Pole than it is to the Horizon. Stars following path 'A' are always up, even though they get higher and lower, because they are closer to the North Celestial Pole than it is to the Horizon. Half the Celestial Equator is above the Horizon and half is below it, so stars on the Celestial Equator are up half the time, and down half the time, just as at the Equator (where all stars are up half the time, and down half the time). The Celestial Equator rises at the East point at a 35 degree angle to the vertical, crosses the Meridian (the North-South line through the Zenith) 35 degrees south of the Zenith and sets at the West point, at a 35 degree angle to the vertical. The South Celestial Pole is 35 degrees below the South point on the horizon. The North Celestial Pole is 35 degrees above the North point on the horizon. The stars move parallel to each other and the Celestial Equator. |